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Nevada is Spanish for "snow covered." The state's name is taken from the nearby Sierra Nevada mountain range. It is the seventh largest state, with most owned by the US government. The territory of Nevada was created in 1861, just after the outbreak of the American Civil War and entered the Union on October 31, 1864, as the 36th state.

Almost all of Nevada lies within the Great Basin region, characterized by numerous mountain ranges. Mountain elevations across the state are from 479 feet to 13,146 feet. Between the ranges are valleys with occasional mesas and buttes. Soil is generally thin and frequently alkaline. Most of Nevada's streams and rivers drain internally into lakes or dry lake beds (playas) and flow only in the spring, as winter snow melts, or after summer rains. Natural lakes are relatively few, with most located in the mountains. Nevada is the driest state in the United States with average annual precipitation from 4 inches to 24 inches Because of its wide range of elevations and climates it has a great diversity of plant and animal life.

Nevada's mining boom began with the discovery of the great silver and gold deposits of the Comstock Lode in 1859. Prospectors poured in by the thousands from around the country. In 20 years, the Comstock yielded gold and silver worth more than $300 million.

Gambling, which had been legal in Nevada since 1869 and was outlawed in 1910, was reinstated in 1931. The legalization of gambling led to growth of the tourism and entertainment industries, which dominate the state's economy.