Louisiana has more than 5000 miles of navigable waterways and New
Orleans's location near the mouth of the Mississippi River, with access to the
agricultural and industrial heart lands of the United States, helped to make it
one of the nation's busiest ports. By the mid-1800s, New Orleans had grown into
a major port and one of the largest cities in the United States. To protect the
city from the Mississippi River's floodwaters, levees were built to contain the
river.
Robert Fulton designed the first paddle wheel steamboat in 1807,
inaugurating a new era of power-driven navigation. The first steamboat arrived
in New Orleans in January of 1812. The crudely-built boat, named the New
Orleans, arrived in the Crescent City from Pittsburgh to begin the steamboat
era.
By the 1840's, Mississippi River steamboats had banquet-sized
dining rooms, ladies sitting rooms, orchestras and promenades. Thousands of
large and small steamboats cruised the waterways in Louisiana. Steamboats
carried people and products such as cotton, tobacco, and livestock. There was
regular steamboat service across Lake Ponchartrain between New Orleans and
Madisonville to the north.
The steamboat of inland rivers differed from
the ocean or lake steamship. The steamboat rested on the water while the
steamship sat in the water. This distinction allowed the steamboat to traverse
every navigable stream and bayou in Louisiana. The engines of the steamboat
were also laid down rather that up.
Their peak of importance came in
the 1860's. The days of the steamboat came to an end when railways took over.
In 1991, gambling on Mississippi riverboats was revived in Iowa.
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